Iphulo laseFransi leminyaka emine lokuseka inkqubo ebanzi, elawulwayo ye-cannabis yonyango ekugqibeleni ivelise iziqhamo.
Kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, amawakawaka abaguli ababhalise kuvavanyo lolingo lwe-cannabis lwezonyango lwaseFransi olwaqalwa ngo-2021, bajongana nethemba elinxunguphalisayo lokuphazamiseka konyango njengoko babeyalelwe ngurhulumente ukuba bafune olunye unyango. Ngoku, emva kokuvela kwiinyanga zesiphithiphithi sezopolitiko, urhulumente waseFransi wenze i-pivot ebalulekileyo. Ngokweengxelo zamva nje, ingenise amaxwebhu amathathu ahlukeneyo kwi-European Union ukuze ivunywe, ichaza inkqubo ecetywayo ye-cannabis yonyango, ekufuneka "ngenkqubo" idlule.
Iziphakamiso zoluntu ngoku zibonakala zibonisa, okokuqala, ukuba iintyatyambo ze-cannabis ziya kufumaneka kwizigulana-kodwa kuphela kwiidosi "zokusetyenziswa kunye" kwaye zilawulwe ngezixhobo ezithile.
1. Ingxelo yoMnyhadala
Ngomhla we-19 kaMatshi, i-2025, amaxwebhu amathathu angeniswe kwi-EU ukuze amkelwe, ngalinye lichaza imiba ethile yenkqubo yokwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-cannabis yezonyango.
Enyanisweni, isikhokelo solawulo ngasinye sigqitywe kwixesha elidlulileyo, kunye nezicwangciso zokuqala zokuzithumela kwi-EU ngoJuni okanye ngoJulayi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuwa kukarhulumente waseFransi kunye nezidubedube zezopolitiko ezalandelayo zalibazisa kakhulu ukugqithiswa kwale mithetho, kunye namanye amanyathelo amaninzi omthetho.
NgokweNkqubo yoLwazi lwezobuGcisa ye-EU (TRIS), ummiselo wokuqala ongeniswe yiFransi "uchaza isakhelo senkqubo yolawulo lwamayeza asekwe kwi-cannabis." Imithetho emibini eyongezelelweyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Arrêtés," yangeniswa ngaxeshanye ukuze iveze iinkcukacha zobugcisa, iimeko ezisebenzayo, kunye nemigangatho enyanzeliswayo yento enokuba yenye yeemarike ezinkulu ze-cannabis zonyango eYurophu.
UBenjamin Alexandre-Jeanroy, i-CEO kunye nomseki wenkampani yaseParis esekwe eParis i-Augur Associates, uxelele amajelo eendaba: "Silindele imvume yokugqibela evela kwi-EU, emva koko urhulumente atyikitye imimiselo ngexesha lentlanganiso yabaphathiswa yeveki ebibanjwe ngolwesiThathu kwibhotwe likamongameli.
2. Iimeko kunye neeMveliso
Ngaphantsi kwesakhelo esitsha se-cannabis sonyango, kuphela ngoogqirha abaqeqeshiweyo nabaqinisekisiweyo abaya kuvunyelwa ukuba bamisele iimveliso ze-cannabis zonyango. Inkqubo yoqeqesho iya kusekwa ngokubonisana ne-French Health Authority (HAS).
I-cannabis yonyango iya kuhlala ilunyango lokugqibela, njengakwinkqubo yokulinga. Izigulane kufuneka zibonise ukuba zonke ezinye iindlela zonyango ezisemgangathweni azizange zisebenze okanye azinyamezeleki.
Imigqaliselo esemthethweni ye-cannabis yonyango iya kulinganiselwa ekunyangeni iintlungu ze-neuropathic, isithuthwane esinganyangekiyo ngamachiza, i-spasms enxulumene ne-multiple sclerosis kunye nezinye iziphazamiso ze-nervous system, ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-chemotherapy, kunye nokhathalelo lokuthomalalisa kwiimpawu eziqhubekayo nezingalawulekiyo.
Ngelixa ezi meko zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nezikhokelo ezicetywayo ngaphambili, utshintsho oluphambili olunokuthi luvule imarike kumashishini amaninzi kukubandakanywa kwentyatyambo ye-cannabis.
Nangona intyatyambo ivunyelwe ngoku, izigulane zithintelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba ziyisebenzise ngeendlela zesintu. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka itsalwe nge-CE-certified dry herb vaporizers. Intyatyambo ye-cannabis yonyango kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho ye-European Pharmacopoeia's Monograph 3028 kwaye inikezelwe kwifomu egqityiweyo.
Ezinye iimveliso zamachiza ezigqityiweyo, ezibandakanya ukuqulunqwa komlomo kunye neelwimi ezingaphantsi, ziya kufumaneka kwiintlobo ezintathu ezihlukeneyo ze-THC-to-CBD: i-THC-elawulayo, i-balanced, kunye ne-CBD-enkulu. Uluhlu ngalunye luya kubonelela ngeentlobo eziphambili kunye nokukhethwa kwezigulane ukukhetha kuzo.
"Ukuhlelwa kweemveliso ze-cannabis zonyango eFransi ngokuqinisekileyo kulungile kwishishini, njengoko akukho zithintelo kwiintlobo okanye ugxininiso-kuphela kweemveliso ezigcweleyo ezifunekayo. Umlinganiselo we-THC / CBD kuphela kolwazi olunyanzelekileyo oluya kungeniswa. Ukongeza, ukunika iinkcukacha malunga nee-cannabinoids ezincinci kunye ne-terpenes zikhuthazwa ukuba zikhuthaze ukhuphiswano, nangona kungenasinyanzelo, "ziqaphele iingcali zeshishini.
Olunye uphuhliso olubalulekileyo lucaciso lweGunya lezeMpilo laseFransi ukuba izigulana eziyi-1,600 ngoku ezifumana unyango phantsi kwenkqubo yokulinga ziya kuqhubeka nokufikelela kumayeza e-cannabis, ubuncinci kude kube yi-31 kaMatshi 2026, ngelo xesha kulindeleke ukuba inkqubo yolawulo jikelele isebenze ngokupheleleyo.
3. Ezinye iinkcukacha eziphambili
Isibonelelo esibalulekileyo kwimimiselo emitsha yolawulo kukusekwa kwenkqubo-sikhokelo ye-"Temporary Use Authorization (ATU)"-inkqubo yokuvunywa kwangaphambili kweemveliso ezintsha.
Njengoko kwakuxelwe ngaphambili, i-Arhente yeSizwe yaseFransi yoKhuseleko lwaMayeza kunye neeMveliso zezeMpilo (ANSM) iya kujonga le nkqubo, eya kuqinisekisa iimveliso ze-cannabis zonyango iminyaka emihlanu, ivuselelwe iinyanga ezilithoba ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi. I-ANSM iya kuba neentsuku ezingama-210 zokuphendula izicelo kwaye iya kupapasha zonke izigqibo-ukuvunywa, ukugatywa, okanye ukumiswa-kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni.
Abafake izicelo kufuneka banike ubungqina bokuba iimveliso zabo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ye-EU yokuVelisa okuLungileyo (GMP). Bakuba bevunyiwe, kufuneka bangenise iiNgxelo zoHlaziyo loKhuseleko lweXesha rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala, emva koko minyaka le kwiminyaka emithathu eseleyo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, kuphela oogqirha abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa nabaqinisekisiweyo baya kugunyaziswa ukuba bamisele i-cannabis yonyango, kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho eziza kubhengezwa ngokubonisana neGunya lezeMpilo leFransi (HAS).
Ummiselo wokuqala ukwagocagoca kwiimfuno zecandelo ngalinye lekhonkco lonikezelo. Ngaphaya kwemigaqo yokhuseleko engqongqo ngoku esemgangathweni phantse kuzo zonke iimarike ze-cannabis zonyango, imisela ukuba nawuphi na umlimi wasekhaya kufuneka akhulise ngokungqongqo izityalo ngaphakathi okanye kwizindlu zokugcina izityalo ezikhuselweyo kuluntu.
Ngokucacileyo, abalimi kufuneka bangene kwiikhontrakthi ezibophelelayo kunye namaziko agunyazisiweyo ngaphambi kokutyala i-cannabis, kwaye eyona njongo yokulima kufuneka ibe kukuthengisa kula maziko agunyazisiweyo.
4. Amathuba kunye namaThuba
Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari ka-2025, ukwandiswa kwenkqubo yokulingwa kwe-cannabis yezonyango kwimarike egcweleyo kubonakala ngathi lithemba elikude kwizigulana kunye namashishini.
Lo mbono uqhubekile kwada kwavela iindaba zeveki ephelileyo ukuba i-EU ifumene isicelo saseFransi sokuvunywa kwezindululo zayo. Ngenxa yoko, amashishini e-cannabis ezonyango anexesha elincinci lokwetyisa eli thuba likhulu, kodwa ngokunikwa isikali esinokubakho semarike, oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kutshintshe kungekudala.
Okwangoku, ngelixa iinkcukacha zihlala zingachazwanga, iinkampani ze-cannabis zonyango ziye zabonisa injongo yazo yokuthatha eli thuba ngokusungula iimveliso ezintsha ezilungiselelwe imarike yaseFransi. Abangaphakathi kwimizi-mveliso baqikelela ukuba imakethi ye-cannabis yezonyango yaseFransi iya kukhula kancinci kancinci kuneyaseJamani engabamelwane, kunye nezigulana eziqikelelwa kwi-10,000 kunyaka wokuqala, ngokuthe ngcembe zikhula ukuya phakathi kwe-300,000 kunye ne-500,000 ngo-2035.
Kwiinkampani zangaphandle ezijonge le ntengiso, "inzuzo" ephambili yesakhelo solawulo saseFransi kukuba i-cannabis "iwela phantsi kwesakhelo esibanzi samayeza." Oku kuthetha ukuba iifemu zangaphandle zinokunqanda uthintelo olungenamthetho olufana nezo zibonwa e-UK, apho iilayisensi zokungenisa elizweni zinokuvalwa ngaphandle kwezizathu ezicacileyo. Ungenelelo olunjalo lwezopolitiko alunakwenzeka kangako eFransi, njengoko iilayisensi ekuthethwa ngazo azichanekanga kwi-cannabis yonyango.
Ukusuka kwimbono yezoqoqosho, abanye abadlali sele benze intsebenziswano kunye neenkampani zaseFransi eziphethe iilayisensi eziyimfuneko zokuvelisa kunye nokusebenza kwe-cannabis yonyango.
Oko kuthethiweyo, ithuba elikhawulezayo lilele ngakumbi ekuthumeleni iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ukuya eFransi ukupakishwa kwasekhaya kunye nolawulo lomgangatho endaweni yemveliso yasekhaya epheleleyo okanye ukusetyenzwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-01-2025