Ixesha liyabaleka: Umthetho waseJamani woHlaziyo lweCannabis (CanG) ubhiyozela isikhumbuzo sawo sokuqala
Le veki iphawula unyaka omnye womthetho waseJamani wohlengahlengiso lwe-cannabis, iCanG. Ukusukela nge-1 ka-Epreli ka-2024, iJamani ityale amakhulu ezigidi zeeyuro kwicandelo le-cannabis yezonyango, ithintele amakhulu amawaka okutshutshisa ngolwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye yanika izigidi zabemi ilungelo lokusebenzisa i-cannabis okokuqala ngqa. Nangona kunjalo, uhlaziyo luhlala lunempikiswano kwaye lunopolitiko oluphezulu. Njengoko iChristian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union echasene ne-cannabis (CDU/CSU) kunye ne-pro-cannabis Social Democratic Party (SPD) iqhubeka neengxoxo zokuseka urhulumente wobumbano, ikamva leshishini le-cannabis laseJamani aliqinisekanga. Nokuba ngaba imbumba entsha izama ukutshitshisa i-CanG, umthetho sele unefuthe elihlala lihleli kuqoqosho lwaseJamani kunye noluntu. Kunyaka omnye kamva, kubonakala ukuba i-genie iya kuba nzima ukuyibuyisela ebhotileni.
Impembelelo yoMthetho weCannabis eJamani
Umthetho we-《Cannabis Control Act (CanG)》, oqale ukusebenza nge-1 ka-Epreli, 2024, uvumela abantu abadala ukuba baphathe ngokusemthethweni, batye, kwaye balime ukuya kutsho kwizityalo ezintathu ze-cannabis ekhaya. Eminye imigaqo ephunyeziweyo nge-1 kaJulayi, 2024, ivumele ukusekwa kwemibutho engenzi nzuzo yokulima, eyenza amalungu akhule kwaye asasaze i-cannabis ukuze isetyenziswe ngabantu abadala. Ngelixa iJamani ingelolizwe lokuqala laseYurophu ukwenza ngokusemthethweni i-cannabis kwilizwe lonke, ukutshintshwa komgaqo-nkqubo wayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwilizwekazi.
Enye yezona nkalo zomthetho ezinempembelelo kakhulu-ingakumbi kwimbono yezoqoqosho-yayikukususwa kwe-cannabis kuluhlu lweziyobisi ezidabukisayo, nto leyo eyakhuthaza i-boom kushishino lwe-cannabis lwezonyango eJamani. Ngokutsho kwe-《i-German Cannabis Industry Association (BvCW)》, umthetho uqhube ukukhula kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili.
ICannabis yoNyango
Inkqubo yaseJamani ye-cannabis yezonyango iye yavela njengoyena mntu uphumeleleyo phantsi kweCanG entsha. Uqikelelo lucebisa ukuba ngo-2024, ishishini latsala i-300 yezigidi zeerandi kutyalo-mali, malunga ne-240 yezigidi zee-euro ezijoliswe kwimarike yezonyango ephumelelayo. Umbutho ukwaqikelela ukuba ingeniso yecandelo inokufikelela kwi-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2025.
Nangona oku kuye kwanceda ngokucacileyo amashishini, i-《Federal Association of Pharmaceutical Cannabinoid Companies (BPC)》 ithi iphinde yaphucula ukhathalelo lwezigulane.
"Utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kushishino lwe-cannabis yezonyango lubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo okukhulayo kukhathalelo lwezempilo oluzinzileyo eJamani. Olu phuhliso lunamandla lube negalelo elikhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izigulana zifikelela kunyango olukwizinga eliphezulu, oluqinisekisiweyo olusekelwe kwi-cannabinoid, "utshilo u-Antonia Menzel, uSihlalo we-BPC.
Idatha yamva nje yokungenisa esemthethweni ibonisa oku kwanda ngokukhawuleza kweemarike, akuxhamli nje kuphela iikliniki ze-cannabis zasekhaya kodwa nababoneleli bamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokwe-《Iziko loBumbano laseJamani leZiyobisi kunye neZixhobo zoNyango (BfArM)》, iJamani ingenise ngaphezulu kwe-70 yeetoni zeemetric zeentyantyambo ze-cannabis ezomisiweyo ngeenjongo zonyango nezesayensi ngo-2024-ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini kwiitoni ezingama-32 ezingeniswe ngaphandle kunyaka ophelileyo.
Kwikota yesine ye-2024 kuphela, iJamani ingenise i-31,691 kg yeentyatyambo ezomisiweyo ze-cannabis, ukunyuka kwe-53% ukusuka kwikota yangaphambili ye-20,654 kg. Xa kuthelekiswa nekota yesine ka-2023 (phambi kokuba i-CanG iqalise ukusebenza), ukuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kunyuke ngokumangalisayo nge-272%.
Idatha ezimeleyo evela kwiinkampani ze-cannabis ixhasa ngakumbi lo mkhwa. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, 《Iqela leBloomwell》, omnye wabasebenzi baseJamani abakhulu be-cannabis kwezonyango, babike **1,000% yonyuso** kwimimiselo efunyenwe kwiikhemesti ze-cannabis ukusuka kuMatshi ukuya kuDisemba 2024 kulandela utshintsho olusemthethweni.
Imibutho yoLimo noLimo lwaseKhaya
Ngokwedatha yokuqala evela kwiNgxelo ye-Prohibition Partners ezayo yaseYurophu yeCannabis: uHlelo lwe-10, ukusukela ngoMatshi ka-2025, ngaphezulu kwezicelo ezingama-500 zemibutho yokulima i-cannabis zithunyelwe kulo lonke elaseJamani, malunga ne-190 kuphela evunyiweyo. Le mibutho ivumela amalungu abantu abadala ukuba bafumane ngokusemthethweni i-cannabis ngobulungu babo.
Amazwe anawona maphepha-mvume amaninzi akhutshiweyo yiNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony, kunye neRhineland-Palatinate, ezithi xa zidibene zibalelwa malunga ne-60% yazo zonke iimvume ezinikezelwe eJamani.
Ukongeza, i-BvCW iphawula "i-boom" yokulima ekhaya, ukuqhuba ukuthengiswa kwembewu, izichumisi, izibane zokukhulisa, kunye nezinye izixhobo.
"Ezi mveliso zithengisiwe kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga. Kuphando lwabameli, i-11% yabathathi-nxaxheba babonise umdla wokukhulisa i-cannabis ekhaya. Umthetho omtsha udale amathuba emisebenzi kwaye ukhulise uqoqosho."
Ukuncitshiswa koLwaphulo-mthetho
Ingxoxo engundoqo eyenziwe yimbumba yamabhobhothi (SPD, Greens, FDP) ekutyhaleni i-CanG yayikukuba iya kunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho, ithintele urhwebo olumnyama, kwaye ivumele ukuthotyelwa komthetho ukuba kugxininise kumatyala anzima ngakumbi.
Enye yempumelelo enkulu yalo mthetho ibe lifuthe lawo kwinkqubo yobulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni kwenze ukuba abasemagunyeni baseJamani basebenzise izixhobo zokulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho olunzima. NgokukaDer Spiegel, malunga ne-100,000 lokutshutshisa ngolwaphulo-mthetho kuye kwaphetshwa ukusukela oko kwenziwe ngokusemthethweni.
Le mpapasho yaphawula: “EBavaria—eyona ngingqi igxeka kakhulu i-cannabis—amatyala anxulumene ne-cannabis ehle nge-56% ukuya kwi-15,270 yamatyala ngo-2024. EMntla Rhine-Westphalia, ulwaphulo-mthetho olunjalo lwehla ngaphezu kwesiqingatha (53%) xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka odluleyo.
Amapolisa angaphezulu kunye neenkcukacha-manani zolwaphulo-mthetho ezifunyenwe yiDer Spiegel zibonisa ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho olunxulumene neziyobisi eJamani lwehle malunga nesithathu ngo-2024, ngelixa izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho lilonke lehle nge-1.7%.
“Akukho bungqina bokuba umthetho ukhokelele ‘kulwaphulo-mthetho lweziyobisi’ okanye ezinye iintlekele, njengoko abanye abakwiCDU/CSU besitsho,” yatsho le ngxelo.
Uhlalutyo lwangaphambili olwenziwe yiDüsseldorf Heinrich Heine University Institute for Competition Economics luqikelela ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kwe-cannabis kunokusindisa amapolisa aseJamani kunye neenkqubo zokugweba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka.
Nangona kunjalo, iSebe lezangaphakathi liluchithile olu vavanyo, libanga ukuba "akukho bungqina bokuba ukubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni kuye kwayicinezela intengiso engekho mthethweni okanye yanciphisa imfuno."
Esi simo sibonakala sisekelwe kwinto yokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lweziyobisi lwehle ngama-33%—ikakhulu “ulwaphulo-mthetho lwabathengi”—ngoku ekubeni ukusetyenziswa kusemthethweni. Kwangaxeshanye, abasemagunyeni baye barekhoda malunga ne-1 000 lokwaphulwa kwalo mthetho mtsha, ubukhulu becala obunxulumene nokurhweba, ukuthutyeleziswa nokuba nezinto ezingekho mthethweni.
Amanye amagosa ogcino-mthetho aphikisa ukuba umthetho ufuna uhlaziyo olungxamisekileyo. U-Alexander Poetz, uSekela Sihlalo weManyano yamaPolisa aseJamani (GdP), wabiza urhulumente wexesha elizayo ukuba alungise umthetho ngokukhawuleza.
"Ngoxa nje umthetho ungatshintshi, imarike emnyama iya kuqhubeka, kwaye ukukhuselwa kolutsha kunye nokhuseleko ezindleleni alunakuqinisekiswa. Ulwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo luxhaphaza izikhewu zomthetho. Ukusemthethweni okukodwa akukhange kunciphise kakhulu umsebenzi wamapolisa. Kwangaxeshanye, utyalo-mali olukhulu luyafuneka kwizixhobo zokukhangela eziphambili, "utshilo uPoetz.
Imbono kawonke-wonke
Uphando lwakutsha nje olwenziwe yinkampani yembewu yehlabathi iRoyal Queen Seeds lufumanise ukuba i-51% yabazali baseJamani bakholelwa ukuba i-cannabis ekhule ekhaya ikhuselekile kune-cannabis ethengiweyo esitratweni (xa kuthelekiswa ne-57% kwihlabathi liphela).
Phakathi kwabantu abadala baseJamani abaphononongiweyo, i-40% ixhasa uhlaziyo, kunye nabantu abadala abangama-65+ kunye nabadla umhlala-phantsi basala ngabona bathandabuzayo, ngelixa abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 banokuluxhasa. Phantse i-50% ikholelwa ukuba imigaqo emitsha iya kuphucula ulwazi loluntu nge-cannabis.
Ngeli xesha, i-41% yabathengi baseJamani be-cannabis baceba ukukhulisa ezabo ngo-2025, kunye ne-77% yabalimi basekhaya baxabisa ukulima kwabo kwaye i-75% ithatha i-cannabis yokuzikhulisa ikhuselekile.
I-poll eyahlukileyo ye-YouGov yabathathi-nxaxheba be-2,000+ ibonise ukuba i-45% yamaJamani azakuxoxa nge-cannabis yonyango kunye nogqirha. Ngelixa kuphela isi-7% esele bekwenzile oko, abanye abangama-38% bathi baya kwenjenjalo ukuba kuyimfuneko ngokwezonyango.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, abaguli baqalisa ezi ncoko—kungekhona oogqirha. Kuphela i-2% yabantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-45-54 kunye ne-1.2% yabaneminyaka engama-55 + babike oogqirha babo bacebisa unyango lwe-cannabis. Abantu abancinci babona amazinga aphezulu kancinci: i-5.8% yabaneminyaka engama-25-34 ubudala kunye ne-5.3% yabaneminyaka engama-35-44 ubudala baye oogqirha baphakamisa isihloko.
Ngaphandle kokwamkelwa okukhulayo, ibala lihlala lingumqobo. Phantse i-6% yabaphenduli bathi bayakuphepha ukuxoxa nge-cannabis noogqirha ngenxa yokoyika isigwebo. Nangona kunjalo, izizukulwana eziselula zisebenza ngakumbi: i-49% yabangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-34 bathi baya kuthi ngokukhawuleza badibane nogqirha wabo malunga ne-cannabis yonyango ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ukuqukumbela
Emva konyaka, ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-cannabis eJamani kungqineke kuyimpumelelo ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngelixa ukuphunyezwa okupheleleyo kuye kwajongana nemiqobo-kubandakanya ukulibaziseka kulingo lokulinga lommandla lokuthengisa abantu abadala-i-Ofisi yoMdibaniso yaseJamani yezoLimo kunye nokutya kuxelwe ukuba iqalisile ukwamkela izicelo, okuthetha ukuba iiprojekthi zolingo ekudala zilindelwe zinokusungulwa kungekudala.
Lilonke, i-CanG ilunyusile uqoqosho, yanciphisa ukutshutshiswa okungeyomfuneko, kwaye yatshintsha isimo sengqondo soluntu. Nokuba urhulumente olandelayo uyawulungisa okanye uyawugcina umthetho, ifuthe lawo sele lingenakukhanyelwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-09-2025